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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script src="/lib/jquery-1.12.2.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("p:only-child").css("background-color", "yellow"); }); </script> </head> <body> <div style="border:1px solid;"> <p>The first child.</p> <p>The last child.</p> </div><br> <div style="border:1px solid;"> <p>The only child.</p> </div><br> <div style="border:1px solid;"> <span>The first child.</span> <p>The last child.</p> </div><br> </body> </html>