งบ SQL | วากยสัมพันธ์ |
---|---|
AND / OR | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition |
ALTER TABLE | ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype or ALTER TABLE table_name |
AS (alias) | SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name or SELECT column_name |
BETWEEN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 |
CREATE DATABASE | CREATE DATABASE database_name |
CREATE TABLE | CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name3 data_type, ... ) |
CREATE INDEX | CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) or CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name |
CREATE VIEW | CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |
DELETE | DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value or DELETE FROM table_name DELETE * FROM table_name |
DROP DATABASE | DROP DATABASE database_name |
DROP INDEX | DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL
Server) DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access) DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle) ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL) |
DROP TABLE | DROP TABLE table_name |
EXISTS | IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id = ?) BEGIN --do what needs to be done if exists END ELSE BEGIN --do what needs to be done if not END |
GROUP BY | SELECT column_name,
aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name |
HAVING | SELECT column_name,
aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value |
IN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..) |
INSERT INTO | INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) or INSERT INTO table_name |
INNER JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
LEFT JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
RIGHT JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
FULL JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
LIKE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern |
ORDER BY | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] |
SELECT | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
SELECT * | SELECT * FROM table_name |
SELECT DISTINCT | SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
SELECT INTO | SELECT * INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) |
SELECT TOP | SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s) FROM table_name |
TRUNCATE TABLE | TRUNCATE TABLE table_name |
UNION | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
UNION ALL | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
UPDATE | UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value,... WHERE some_column=some_value |
WHERE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value |
Source : /sql/sql_quickref.html