Variables are named entities used to store data.
Variables
Variables are used to store data.
The name of a variable must begin with an alphabetic character and
cannot contain whitespace or reserved characters.
A variable can be of a
specific type, indicating the kind of data it stores. String variables store
string values ("Welcome to w3ii"), integer variables store number values
(103), date variables store date values, etc.
Variables are declared
using the var keyword, or by using the type (if you want to declare the type),
but ASP.NET can usually determine data types automatically.
Examples
//
Using the var keyword:
var greeting = "Welcome to w3ii";
var
counter = 103;
var today = DateTime.Today;
// Using data types:
string greeting = "Welcome to w3ii";
int counter = 103;
DateTime
today = DateTime.Today;
Data Types
Below is a list of common data types:
| Type | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| int | Integer (whole numbers) | 103, 12, 5168 |
| float | Floating-point number | 3.14, 3.4e38 |
| decimal | Decimal number (higher precision) | 1037.196543 |
| bool | Boolean | true, false |
| string | String | "Hello w3ii", "John" |
Operators
An operator tells ASP.NET what kind of command to perform in an expression.
The C# language supports many operators. Below is a list of common operators:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Assigns a value to a variable. | i=6 |
| + - * / |
Adds a value or variable. Subtracts a value or variable. Multiplies a value or variable. Divides a value or variable. |
i=5+5 i=5-5 i=5*5 i=5/5 |
| += -= |
Increments a variable. Decrements a variable. |
i += 1 i -= 1 |
| == | Equality. Returns true if values are equal. | if (i==10) |
| != | Inequality. Returns true if values are not equal. | if (i!=10) |
| < > <= >= |
Less than. Greater than. Less than or equal. Greater than or equal. |
if (i<10) if (i>10) if (i<=10) if (i>=10) |
| + | Adding strings (concatenation). | "w3" + "schools" |
| . | Dot. Separate objects and methods. | DateTime.Hour |
| () | Parenthesis. Groups values. | (i+5) |
| () | Parenthesis. Passes parameters. | x=Add(i,5) |
| [] | Brackets. Accesses values in arrays or collections. | name[3] |
| ! | Not. Reverses true or false. | if (!ready) |
| && || |
Logical AND. Logical OR. |
if (ready && clear) if (ready || clear) |
Converting Data Types
Converting from one data type to another is sometimes useful.
The most
common example is to convert string input to another type, such as an integer or
a date.
As a rule, user input comes as strings, even if the user entered a number. Therefore, numeric input values must be converted to numbers before they can be used in calculations.
Below is a list of common conversion methods:
| Method | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| AsInt() IsInt() |
Converts a string to an integer. | if (myString.IsInt()) {myInt=myString.AsInt();} |
| AsFloat() IsFloat() |
Converts a string to a floating-point number. | if (myString.IsFloat()) {myFloat=myString.AsFloat();} |
| AsDecimal() IsDecimal() |
Converts a string to a decimal number. | if (myString.IsDecimal()) {myDec=myString.AsDecimal();} |
| AsDateTime() IsDateTime() |
Converts a string to an ASP.NET DateTime type. | myString="10/10/2012"; myDate=myString.AsDateTime(); |
| AsBool() IsBool() |
Converts a string to a Boolean. | myString="True"; myBool=myString.AsBool(); |
| ToString() | Converts any data type to a string. | myInt=1234; myString=myInt.ToString(); |