HTML Symbol Entities
HTML entities were described in the previous chapter.
Many mathematical, technical, and currency symbols, are not present on a normal keyboard.
To add these symbols to an HTML page, you can use an HTML entity name.
If no entity name exists, you can use an entity number; a decimal (or hexadecimal) reference.
If you use an HTML entity name or a hexadecimal number, the character will always display correctly.
This is independent of what character set (encoding) your page uses!
Example
<p>I will display €</p>
<p>I will display €</p>
<p>I will display €</p>
Will display as:
I will display €
I will display €
I will display €
Try it Yourself »Some Mathematical Symbols Supported by HTML
| Char | Number | Entity | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | FOR ALL |
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL |
| ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | THERE EXISTS |
| ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | EMPTY SETS |
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | NABLA |
| ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | ELEMENT OF |
| ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | NOT AN ELEMENT OF |
| ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | CONTAINS AS MEMBER |
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | N-ARY PRODUCT |
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | N-ARY SUMMATION |
Some Greek Letters Supported by HTML
| Char | Number | Entity | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Α | Α | Α | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA |
| Β | Β | Β | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA |
| Γ | Γ | Γ | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA |
| Δ | Δ | Δ | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA |
| Ε | Ε | Ε | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON |
| Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA |
Some Other Entities Supported by HTML
| Char | Number | Entity | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| © | © | © | COPYRIGHT SIGN |
| ® | ® | ® | REGISTERED SIGN |
| € | € | € | EURO SIGN |
| ™ | ™ | ™ | TRADEMARK |
| ← | ← | ← | LEFTWARDS ARROW |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | UPWARDS ARROW |
| → | → | → | RIGHTWARDS ARROW |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | DOWNWARDS ARROW |
| ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | BLACK SPADE SUIT |
| ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | BLACK CLUB SUIT |
| ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | BLACK HEART SUIT |
| ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | BLACK DIAMOND SUIT |