The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.
The Math Object
The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks.
The Math object includes several mathematical methods.
One common use of the Math object is to create a random number:
Math has no constructor. No methods have to create a Math object first.
Math.min() and Math.max()
Math.min() and Math.max() can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments:
Math.random()
Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (inclusive), and 1 (exclusive):
Math.random() always returns a number lower than 1.
Math.round()
Math.round() rounds a number to the nearest integer:
Math.ceil()
Math.ceil() rounds a number up to the nearest integer:
Math.floor()
Math.floor() rounds a number down to the nearest integer:
Math.floor() and Math.random() can be used together to return a random number between 0 and 10:
Example
Math.floor(Math.random() * 11); // returns a random number between 0 and 10
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Math Constants
JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed with the Math object:
Example
Math.E // returns Euler's number
Math.PI // returns PI
Math.SQRT2
// returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2
// returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2
// returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10
// returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E
// returns base 2 logarithm of E
Math.LOG10E
// returns base 10 logarithm of E
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Math Object Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x |
| acos(x) | Returns the arccosine of x, in radians |
| asin(x) | Returns the arcsine of x, in radians |
| atan(x) | Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians |
| atan2(y,x) | Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments |
| ceil(x) | Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest integer |
| cos(x) | Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians) |
| exp(x) | Returns the value of Ex |
| floor(x) | Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest integer |
| log(x) | Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x |
| max(x,y,z,...,n) | Returns the number with the highest value |
| min(x,y,z,...,n) | Returns the number with the lowest value |
| pow(x,y) | Returns the value of x to the power of y |
| random() | Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
| round(x) | Rounds x to the nearest integer |
| sin(x) | Returns the sine of x (x is in radians) |
| sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x |
| tan(x) | Returns the tangent of an angle |
Complete Math Reference
For a complete reference, go to our complete Math object reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.
Test Yourself with Exercises!
Exercise 1 » Exercise 2 » Exercise 3 » Exercise 4 »