The HAVING Clause
The HAVING clause was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used with aggregate functions.
SQL HAVING Syntax
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value;
Demo Database
In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database.
Below is a selection from the "Orders" table:
| OrderID | CustomerID | EmployeeID | OrderDate | ShipperID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10248 | 90 | 5 | 1996-07-04 | 3 |
| 10249 | 81 | 6 | 1996-07-05 | 1 |
| 10250 | 34 | 4 | 1996-07-08 | 2 |
And a selection from the "Employees" table:
| EmployeeID | LastName | FirstName | BirthDate | Photo | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Davolio | Nancy | 1968-12-08 | EmpID1.pic | Education includes a BA.... |
| 2 | Fuller | Andrew | 1952-02-19 | EmpID2.pic | Andrew received his BTS.... |
| 3 | Leverling | Janet | 1963-08-30 | EmpID3.pic | Janet has a BS degree.... |
SQL HAVING Example
Now we want to find if any of the employees has registered more than 10 orders.
We use the following SQL statement:
Example
SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders FROM
(Orders
INNER JOIN Employees
ON
Orders.EmployeeID=Employees.EmployeeID)
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING
COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10;
Try it Yourself »
Now we want to find if the employees "Davolio" or "Fuller" have registered more than 25 orders.
We add an ordinary WHERE clause to the SQL statement:
Example
SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders FROM
Orders
INNER JOIN Employees
ON Orders.EmployeeID=Employees.EmployeeID
WHERE LastName='Davolio' OR LastName='Fuller'
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING
COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 25;
Try it Yourself »